Although world/global city research in general and GaWC in particular is best described as an ‘invisible college’ (Acuto 2011 Bassens and van Meeteren 2015) – that is, a continuously evolving group of authors in a particular research field who constitute a social circle, but have varying degrees of involvement and pursue different research questions on the basis of shared interests – the research ethos of GaWC at large has been critical realist (Sayer 1992). Nonetheless, as the latter literature is premised upon the existence of interactions between cities, these should not be neglected as they so commonly were in earlier global/world city literature (Taylor 2001a) GaWC was thus formed to aid in rectifying this situation. 2016 Harrison and Hoyler 2018), so too the formal analysis of worldwide networks between cities is not necessarily the main activity of world/global cities research. Just as world/global cities research as a whole never intended to provide a comprehensive account of globalized urbanization (Parnreiter 2014 van Meeteren et al. GaWC’s core business has been to more narrowly focus on one conspicuous topic in research on globalized urbanization: the external connections of world cities. ![]() These changes were so dynamic, so unusual and so worldwide that they were beyond the comprehension of any one group of researchers in one place to even begin to adequately research this then-emerging field of study. The Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) research network was founded at Loughborough University in 1998 by Peter Taylor and Jon Beaverstock as an invitation to urban scholars across the world to help understand the changing worlds of cities under conditions of contemporary globalization.
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